genetika

Mutations 

May alter the gene product –must cause a change in the 

phenotype 

functional activity change in the gene product 

often see a loss of function –loss of function mutation 

if loss of function is complete –null allele 

can see an enhancement of function and an increase in quantity 

of the gene product –gain of function–usually deals with 

gene regulation 

protooncogene –regulates cell cycle can be converted to an 

oncogene –can cause a cancer cell 

Mutation may not detectably alter function –see only in the DNA 

sequence 

Traits are often influenced by >1 gene –complex metabolic 

pathways –mess up one enzyme results in no end product